{"id":4404,"date":"2025-03-31T11:57:03","date_gmt":"2025-03-31T15:57:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/balmert.com\/?p=4404"},"modified":"2025-03-31T12:00:51","modified_gmt":"2025-03-31T16:00:51","slug":"what-was-he-thinking","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/balmert.com\/fr\/2025\/03\/31\/what-was-he-thinking\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c0 quoi pensait-il ?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u00ab Le golf de comp\u00e9tition est un jeu pratiqu\u00e9 dans\u00a0<\/em>un espace de cinq pouces et demi entre les oreilles\u201d<\/em><\/div>
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\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0~Bobby Jones<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u00c9coutez le podcast<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Il faudrait \u00eatre un passionn\u00e9 de golf pour avoir compris cette histoire : pendant les vacances, le joueur le mieux class\u00e9 du golf professionnel masculin a subi une blessure \u00e0 la main qui l'a tenu \u00e0 l'\u00e9cart de la comp\u00e9tition pendant les premi\u00e8res semaines de la saison.<\/p>

Peut-\u00eatre reconnaissez-vous son nom : Scottie Sheffler.<\/p>

Il fut un temps o\u00f9 ces cas \u00e9taient appel\u00e9s \u00ab\u00a0accidents hors travail\u00a0\u00bb. Certaines entreprises ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 signaler et \u00e0 suivre les accidents hors travail, soit parce qu'elles croyaient en une approche holistique de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u2013 si vous \u00eates bless\u00e9, vous \u00eates bless\u00e9, peu importe o\u00f9 vous vous trouviez \u00e0 ce moment-l\u00e0\u00a0\u2013, soit parce que les blessures co\u00fbtent cher, quelle que soit la source du co\u00fbt.<\/p>

\u00c0 tout le moins, c\u2019est un exemple de plus qui montre que la motivation n\u2019a pas vraiment d\u2019importance : c\u2019est l\u2019action qui compte.<\/p>

Lorsque Scottie s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 \u00e0 la conf\u00e9rence de presse avant de prendre le d\u00e9part de son premier tournoi, il a tout dit\u00a0; c'est le genre de personne qu'il est. Ne serait-ce pas merveilleux si tout le monde faisait de m\u00eame en cas de blessure\u00a0? Le monde serait plus s\u00fbr. Au lieu de cela, les dirigeants doivent souvent jouer les d\u00e9tectives pour bien comprendre ce qui s'est pass\u00e9.<\/p>

Encore un d\u00e9fi de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 difficile.<\/p>

Dans le cas de Scottie, il semble que la veille de No\u00ebl, quelqu'un ait d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que les raviolis devaient figurer au menu. Un petit obstacle s'est dress\u00e9 sur sa route\u00a0: la famille logeait dans une maison de location et il n'y avait rien dans les tiroirs de la cuisine pour \u00e9viter les p\u00e2tes.<\/p>

Voil\u00e0 : un verre \u00e0 vin, tenu \u00e0 l'envers, a fait l'affaire.<\/p>

Vous savez d\u00e9j\u00e0 comment cette histoire s'est termin\u00e9e\u00a0: la solution a fonctionn\u00e9 jusqu'\u00e0 ce qu'elle ne fonctionne plus. Soudain, il y avait du verre et du sang partout sur le comptoir.<\/p>

Comme Scottie l'a expliqu\u00e9 plus tard, il a eu de la chance de s'en sortir avec seulement les blessures qu'il a subies.<\/p>

Outils et m\u00e9thodes improvis\u00e9s<\/strong><\/p>

Lorsque nous enseignons aux participants \u00e0 reconna\u00eetre les dangers, nous leur demandons syst\u00e9matiquement quels sont les signes avant-coureurs du danger. Lors d'un cours il y a de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, une personne tr\u00e8s sage a expliqu\u00e9 qu'elle \u00e9tait toujours prudente lorsque les outils et les m\u00e9thodes \u00e9taient improvis\u00e9s. C'\u00e9tait une conversation comme tant d'autres auxquelles j'ai eu la chance de participer\u00a0: lorsque des personnes sages partagent ce qu'elles ont appris, on leur accorde une attention particuli\u00e8re.<\/p>

Depuis lors, nous transmettons sa sagesse.<\/p>

C'est tellement \u00e9vident, n'est-ce pas\u00a0? Les choses improvis\u00e9es ne sont pas forc\u00e9ment \u00e9prouv\u00e9es. En pratique, les risques d'\u00e9chec sont plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s et, si les choses tournent mal, les d\u00e9g\u00e2ts potentiels sont rarement att\u00e9nu\u00e9s. C'est une chose que l'on fait apr\u00e8s coup, pour la prochaine fois.<\/p>

En ce qui concerne la prudence et la vigilance, sachez qu'att\u00e9nuer signifie \u00ab\u00a0att\u00e9nuer les effets de\u00a0\u00bb. En mati\u00e8re de gestion de la performance en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9, ce sont les cons\u00e9quences qui sont att\u00e9nu\u00e9es, et non le risque, autrement dit la probabilit\u00e9 qu'un \u00e9v\u00e9nement ind\u00e9sirable se produise. Le risque est quelque chose que l'on r\u00e9duit.<\/p>

Ou augmenter.<\/p>

Le verre \u00e0 vin de Scottie illustre parfaitement ces deux aspects. Frapper des p\u00e2tes avec un verre \u00e0 vin est plut\u00f4t vou\u00e9 \u00e0 l'\u00e9chec. Des gants auraient pu att\u00e9nuer les cons\u00e9quences, \u00e0 condition qu'il ne s'agisse pas de ceux qu'il transporte dans son sac de golf.<\/p>

Lors de sa conf\u00e9rence de presse, il a admis avoir eu de la chance que la tige ne soit pas entr\u00e9e dans la paume de sa main.<\/p>

\u00c0 quoi pensait-il ?<\/strong><\/p>

Face \u00e0 un probl\u00e8me, nous, les humains, sommes des g\u00e9nies pour trouver des solutions innovantes. Hormis la blessure, le verre \u00e0 vin de Scottie a parfaitement servi \u00e0 couper des p\u00e2tes sur un plan de travail en granit. C'est l'inconv\u00e9nient potentiel de la solution qui passe trop souvent inaper\u00e7u.<\/p>

Cela arrive tout le temps : \u00e0 la maison comme au travail. Combien de fois avez-vous vu la cause d'une blessure qualifi\u00e9e de \u00ab\u00a0d\u00e9faut de reconnaissance du danger\u00a0\u00bb ou \u00ab\u00a0outil inadapt\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0?<\/p>

Dans ce cas, on pourrait penser que si quelqu'un devait faire attention lorsque ses mains \u00e9taient en danger, ce serait un golfeur professionnel\u00a0: comme un pianiste de concert, il gagne sa vie avec ses mains. On se demande\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u00c0 quoi pensait-il\u00a0?\u00a0\u00bb Apparemment, \u00e0 ce moment-l\u00e0, rien ne se passait.<\/p>

Si seulement c'\u00e9tait aussi simple.<\/p>

La pens\u00e9e humaine<\/strong><\/p>

Ami de longue date et bon coll\u00e8gue, le Dr Pete Robison a un point de vue diff\u00e9rent sur la question. Scientifique curieux, il s'est r\u00e9cemment int\u00e9ress\u00e9 aux travaux de Daniel Kahneman. Kahneman \u00e9tait un professeur de psychologie reconnu pour ses \u00e9tudes sur la prise de d\u00e9cision humaine\u00a0; vous avez peut-\u00eatre entendu parler de son livre\u00a0:\u00a0Penser vite et lentement.<\/em>\u00a0Ce fut un best-seller et ses recherches lui ont valu un prix Nobel \u2013 d\u2019\u00e9conomie !<\/p>

Dans les recherches de Kahneman, Pete voit une explication logique \u00e0 un comportement comme celui de Scottie. \u00ab Nous, les humains, avons deux syst\u00e8mes de pens\u00e9e diff\u00e9rents. L'un fonctionne automatiquement, par r\u00e9flexe, refl\u00e9tant notre exp\u00e9rience et notre intuition. C'est notre \u00ab voix int\u00e9rieure \u00bb, qui fonctionne tr\u00e8s bien, et il est tr\u00e8s difficile de la d\u00e9sactiver. La plupart du temps, nous sommes dans le syst\u00e8me un. \u00bb<\/p>

Le syst\u00e8me deux est r\u00e9fl\u00e9chi, mais plus exigeant. Il faut ralentir\u00a0; cela demande de la concentration. Le temps est essentiel, et le syst\u00e8me deux est \u00ab\u00a0paresseux\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>

D\u2019o\u00f9 la \u00ab pens\u00e9e rapide \u00bb de Kahneman par opposition \u00e0 la \u00ab pens\u00e9e lente \u00bb.<\/p>

Alors, maintenant vous savez ce qui est arriv\u00e9 \u00e0 Scottie Sheffler. Il a pr\u00e9vu un d\u00eener et fait attendre sa famille. Il sait comment s'y prendre. Pour reprendre les termes de Kahneman, il n'a pas dit : \u00ab Pause. Je dois ralentir, activer mon syst\u00e8me deux et me demander : "Quel risque est-ce que je prends ?" \u00bb<\/p>

Conclusion de Pete\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0C\u2019est exactement ce qui se passe lorsqu\u2019on est concentr\u00e9 sur le syst\u00e8me 1. Selon Kahneman, la concentration intense sur la t\u00e2che \u00e0 accomplir peut rendre les gens aveugles.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>

Pour faire court\u00a0: ne soyez pas trop s\u00e9v\u00e8re avec Scottie. Il est peut-\u00eatre un golfeur hors pair, mais lorsqu'il s'agit de prendre des d\u00e9cisions en temps r\u00e9el, il est moyen, comme nous tous.<\/p>

Pete ajoute que, selon Kahneman, si nous ne sommes pas tr\u00e8s dou\u00e9s pour l'autocritique, nous sommes tr\u00e8s dou\u00e9s pour juger les autres. Cela sugg\u00e8re une solution\u00a0: l'\u0153il avis\u00e9 d'un autre cuisinier pourrait \u00eatre le meilleur moyen de pr\u00e9vention.<\/p>

Imaginez une conversation du genre\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Je vous regarde pr\u00e9parer les p\u00e2tes. Je vois que vous vous appr\u00eatez \u00e0 retourner ce verre pour d\u00e9couper les raviolis. Vous savez, frapper un verre de vin sur le plan de travail en granit le rend tr\u00e8s susceptible de se briser. Si cela arrivait, vous passeriez le r\u00e9veillon de No\u00ebl aux urgences, et nul ne sait quand vous pourrez retourner jouer au golf.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>

Vous reconna\u00eetrez peut-\u00eatre cette intervention comme \u00e9tant D\u00c9SOL\u00c9.<\/p>

Implications pour les dirigeants<\/strong><\/p>

Comme vous le savez, amener vos disciples \u00e0 ralentir leur rythme et \u00e0 penser diff\u00e9remment \u2013 c'est-\u00e0-dire \u00e0 adopter le syst\u00e8me 2 de Kahneman \u2013 est un d\u00e9fi de taille. Bien s\u00fbr, vous \u00eates disciple d'un autre leader, vous avez donc la possibilit\u00e9 de ralentir votre rythme de r\u00e9flexion, du moins pendant le temps que vous consacrez \u00e0 la lecture de ce num\u00e9ro de NEWS.<\/p>

Voil\u00e0 un petit exemple d'application du syst\u00e8me de pens\u00e9e 2 \u00e0 votre pratique du leadership. \u00c0 moins d'\u00eatre un de ces \u00ab\u00a0leaders-n\u00e9s\u00a0\u00bb qui n'ont pas besoin de r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir consciemment \u00e0 leur pratique, c'est du temps bien investi. Je tiens \u00e0 souligner que nombre de ces leaders-n\u00e9s, apparemment inn\u00e9s, ont beaucoup plus r\u00e9fl\u00e9chi \u00e0 leur processus que la plupart de leurs pairs.<\/p>

Pete propose deux autres observations.<\/p>

Kahneman a remport\u00e9 le prix Nobel en reliant ses recherches \u00e0 la fa\u00e7on dont les individus prennent des d\u00e9cisions \u00e9conomiques. \u00c9tant donn\u00e9 que la plupart du temps, les individus \u00e9voluent dans le Syst\u00e8me Un, ils ont besoin d'\u00eatre incit\u00e9s \u00e0 prendre de meilleures d\u00e9cisions et \u00e0 faire preuve de discernement.<\/p>

Des proc\u00e9dures telles que les permis de travail s\u00e9curitaires et la gestion du changement font plus que simplement encourager les gens \u00e0 progresser. La formation au leadership en fait autant.<\/p>

En proposant aux dirigeants des sc\u00e9narios concrets, comme nous le faisons dans nos cours, nous incitons les participants \u00e0 adopter la pens\u00e9e du Syst\u00e8me Deux. Nous prenons des situations qui surviennent sur le moment et incitons les dirigeants \u00e0 y r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir. Cela les pr\u00e9pare mieux \u00e0 les g\u00e9rer selon la pens\u00e9e du Syst\u00e8me Un.<\/p>

Selon Pete, \u00ab\u00a0Le syst\u00e8me deux est le moi qui se souvient, la partie de nous-m\u00eames qui applique avec soin et attention une bonne pratique de leadership. Rechercher des exemples positifs o\u00f9 les gens travaillent en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et leur donner un feedback positif en est un parfait exemple.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>

Il en serait de m\u00eame si l\u2019on se rendait compte qu\u2019un outil ou une m\u00e9thode de travail improvis\u00e9s sont plus susceptibles d\u2019\u00e9chouer \u2013 et d\u2019\u00e9chouer lamentablement \u2013 et donc d\u2019arr\u00eater le travail.<\/p>

Quant \u00e0 l'enqu\u00eate sur ce genre de cas lorsqu'ils \u00e9chouent et causent des dommages, Pete conseille aux enqu\u00eateurs des causes profondes de reconna\u00eetre qu'un comportement comme celui de Scottie n'est peut-\u00eatre pas souhaitable, mais qu'il est normal. \u00ab Le probl\u00e8me est en grande partie une question de temps. Je consid\u00e8re le cas de Scottie comme un cas classique de "production contre s\u00e9curit\u00e9". Les gens attendent le d\u00eener, et proc\u00e9der de cette fa\u00e7on ne prendra qu'une minute. \u00bb<\/p>

La meilleure approche : \u00ab prendre le temps de bien faire les choses \u00bb.<\/p>

Le dernier mot<\/strong><\/p>

Ce conseil est plus susceptible d'\u00eatre mis en pratique avec l'aide d'autres personnes. C'est une raison de plus pour laquelle la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 est toujours meilleure en \u00e9quipe.<\/p>

Paul Balmert
Mars 2025<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u00c9coutez le podcast<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ce mois-ci, Paul examine une blessure survenue hors du travail chez le golfeur professionnel num\u00e9ro un, Scottie Scheffler, gri\u00e8vement bless\u00e9 apr\u00e8s avoir utilis\u00e9 un outil improvis\u00e9 pour pr\u00e9parer le d\u00eener. Paul et son coll\u00e8gue, le Dr Pete Robison, examinent la question \u00ab\u00a0\u00c0 quoi pensait-il\u00a0?\u00a0\u00bb en articulant la discussion autour des enseignements du prix Nobel Daniel Kahneman sur la pens\u00e9e rapide et lente. <\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4407,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"episode_type":"","audio_file":"","podmotor_file_id":"","podmotor_episode_id":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"","filesize":"","filesize_raw":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":"","itunes_episode_number":"","itunes_title":"","itunes_season_number":"","itunes_episode_type":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1359],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4404","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hazard-risk"],"yoast_head":"\nWhat Was He Thinking? 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